World War II was sparked by the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles imposed on Germany after World War I. The economic devastation and humiliation of Germany led to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party.
Hitler rapidly expanded German military power, violating the Treaty of Versailles. He annexed Austria and part of Czechoslovakia, taking advantage of the appeasement policies of leaders like Neville Chamberlain. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France declared war, starting World War II.
The early years of the war saw Germany's blitzkrieg tactics, using speed and surprise to quickly overrun Poland, Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. The dramatic evacuation of Allied troops from Dunkirk was a major setback, but also a rallying moment for Britain under the leadership of Winston Churchill.
By mid-1940, Germany had established control over much of Europe, while the Soviet Union and the United States remained on the sidelines. The text sets the stage for the next phase of the war, where the tide would turn against Hitler's ambitions of conquest.
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